Medical Vocabulary & Mnemonics
Master medical terminology with interactive vocabulary and mnemonics
Ranula
SurgeryTinea versicolor
Practice of medicineTrephine
Surgery
tre-fin
UBI
Repertory12 Cranial Nerves
Mnemonic
"Occasionally Old Owls Travel Through Abandoned Farm Villages Gathering Vegetables And Herbs"."
Explanation:
This corresponds to:
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Memory Aid:
Remember sentence and their first letter represents Nerve name and number
Abnormal Apex Beat
Mnemonic
"CARDIAC IMPULSE"
Explanation:
C-Cardiomyopathy, Cardiomegaly
A-Aortic incompetence
R-Rarely: Obesity, Emphysema
D-Dextrocardia
I-Ischemic heart disease
A-Aortic stenosis
C-Congenital heart disease: PDA, VSD
I-Increased blood pressure
M-Mitral stenosis
P-Pneumothorax
U-Usually 5th intercostal space(left)
L-Left ventricular hypertrophy
S-Systolic overload
E-Effusion: Pleural
A-Aortic incompetence
R-Rarely: Obesity, Emphysema
D-Dextrocardia
I-Ischemic heart disease
A-Aortic stenosis
C-Congenital heart disease: PDA, VSD
I-Increased blood pressure
M-Mitral stenosis
P-Pneumothorax
U-Usually 5th intercostal space(left)
L-Left ventricular hypertrophy
S-Systolic overload
E-Effusion: Pleural
Memory Aid:
Remember the word and each letter represents the diseases where we find the abnormal apex beat except U which represents the location of the beat
Aerophagia
Mnemonic
"AEROPHAGIA"
Explanation:
A-Addiction (alcohol, beer, chewing habit)
E-Emotional disturbances
R-Respiration through mouth
O-Oral: hypo-hypersalivation
P-Psychogenic
H-Hiatus hernia
A-Anxiety Gastritis
I-Irritable bowel
A-Angina pectoris
E-Emotional disturbances
R-Respiration through mouth
O-Oral: hypo-hypersalivation
P-Psychogenic
H-Hiatus hernia
A-Anxiety Gastritis
I-Irritable bowel
A-Angina pectoris
Memory Aid:
The word itself is the mnemonic with each letter representing various causes of it.
Amenorrhea
Mnemonic
"KNOW THE MTP ACT"
Explanation:
K-Kallman's syndrome
N- Nonfunctioning adenomas
О-Others - Gonadal agenesis and dysgenesis, Sheehan's syndrome
W-Weight loss
T-Testicular feminization
H-Hypothyroidism
E-Exercise amenorrhea
М-Mullerian agenesis, Mullerian anomalies
T-Turner syndrome
P-Premature ovarian failure,Pituitary prolactin - secreting adenomas
A-Anorexia, Anovulation, Asherman's syndrome
С-Chemotherapy and radiotherapy effects
T-The resistant ovary syndrome
N- Nonfunctioning adenomas
О-Others - Gonadal agenesis and dysgenesis, Sheehan's syndrome
W-Weight loss
T-Testicular feminization
H-Hypothyroidism
E-Exercise amenorrhea
М-Mullerian agenesis, Mullerian anomalies
T-Turner syndrome
P-Premature ovarian failure,Pituitary prolactin - secreting adenomas
A-Anorexia, Anovulation, Asherman's syndrome
С-Chemotherapy and radiotherapy effects
T-The resistant ovary syndrome
Memory Aid:
Remember the mnemonic as the letters represent the differential diagnosis of amenorrhea
APGAR SCORE
Mnemonic
"A Pretty Good ActoR"
Explanation:
A Pretty Good Actor"
(Appearance, Pulse, Grimace,
Activity, Respiration)
(Appearance, Pulse, Grimace,
Activity, Respiration)
Memory Aid:
Remember the apgar components with Mnemonics
Arthritis
Mnemonic
"ARTHRITIS"
Explanation:
A-Autoimmune disorders, Ankylosing spondylitis
R-Rheumatic fever
T-Tuberculosis,Traumatic
H-Hemophilia
R-Reiter's syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis
I-Infections
T-Tabes dorsalis
I-Idiopathic
S-Scurvy
R-Rheumatic fever
T-Tuberculosis,Traumatic
H-Hemophilia
R-Reiter's syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis
I-Infections
T-Tabes dorsalis
I-Idiopathic
S-Scurvy
Memory Aid:
Remember arthritis itself is the mnemonic and it’s letters represent the causes behind it
BRADYCARDIA-Causes
Mnemonic
"BEST"
Explanation:
B-Beta blocking agents ,Bundle branch block
E-Ectopic beats (coupled)
S-Syncope, Sick sinus syndrome
T-Thyroid level low
E-Ectopic beats (coupled)
S-Syncope, Sick sinus syndrome
T-Thyroid level low
Memory Aid:
BEST covers common causes of bradycardia 💡
Bronchial Carcinoma
Mnemonic
"SCAR"
Explanation:
S-Smoking, Scarring (chronic)
C-Coal gas,Chromium exposure
A-Air pollution
R-Radiation
C-Coal gas,Chromium exposure
A-Air pollution
R-Radiation
Memory Aid:
“SCAR” covers key risk factors 😨
Cardiac Cycle
Mnemonic
"“A B C D E F G”"
Explanation:
A Atrial systole
B Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
C Rapid ejection
D Reduced ejection
E Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
F Rapid filling
G Reduced filling (Diastasis)
B Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
C Rapid ejection
D Reduced ejection
E Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
F Rapid filling
G Reduced filling (Diastasis)
Memory Aid:
A-B-C-D-E-F-G = Start to End of one heartbeat
Cardiac Failure
Mnemonic
"HEART"
Explanation:
H-Heart diseases: cogenital / rheumatic / ischaemic
E-Endocarditis (pericarditis, myocarditis)
A-Aneurysm of aorta
R-Regurgitant and stenotic defect of valves
T-Tension (Hypertension)
E-Endocarditis (pericarditis, myocarditis)
A-Aneurysm of aorta
R-Regurgitant and stenotic defect of valves
T-Tension (Hypertension)
Memory Aid:
Remember the mnemonic as it letter represents the underlying cardiac diseases which can cause cardiac failure
Causes of ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Mnemonic
"RENAL FUNCTION"
Explanation:
R-Renal: Intrinsic renal disease
E-Electrolyte imbalance
N-Nephrotic syndrome
A-Arrhythmias ,Anaphylaxis
L-Loss of plasma e.g. Injury, Hemorrhage, Burns, Pregnancy
F-Fluid loss e.g. Diarrhea, Vomiting
U-Urinary calculi : KUB
N-Neoplasm: Bladder, Prostate
C-Congenital: Posterior urethral valve ,Congestive cardiac failure
T-Toxins: Nephrotic drugs, NSAIDS
I-Intestinal nephritis
O-Obstructive uropathy
N-Necrosis (acute) : Tubular and cortical
E-Electrolyte imbalance
N-Nephrotic syndrome
A-Arrhythmias ,Anaphylaxis
L-Loss of plasma e.g. Injury, Hemorrhage, Burns, Pregnancy
F-Fluid loss e.g. Diarrhea, Vomiting
U-Urinary calculi : KUB
N-Neoplasm: Bladder, Prostate
C-Congenital: Posterior urethral valve ,Congestive cardiac failure
T-Toxins: Nephrotic drugs, NSAIDS
I-Intestinal nephritis
O-Obstructive uropathy
N-Necrosis (acute) : Tubular and cortical
Memory Aid:
Remember the mnemonic. Each letter represents various causes of acute renal failure
Causes of AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR
Mnemonic
"B-I-P-O-L-A-R"
Explanation:
B- Bipolar disorders - Mania
I- Intracranial pathology e.g. trauma, infection,vascular degeneration
P- Psychosis
O- Organic brain disorders
L- Less common: environmental toxins, endocrinopathy
A- Antisocial personality
Alcohol
R- Rare : vitamin deficiency
I- Intracranial pathology e.g. trauma, infection,vascular degeneration
P- Psychosis
O- Organic brain disorders
L- Less common: environmental toxins, endocrinopathy
A- Antisocial personality
Alcohol
R- Rare : vitamin deficiency
Memory Aid:
Each letter of the mnemonic represents diseases which cause the aggressive behaviour
Coma
Mnemonic
"COMA"
Explanation:
C-Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral malaria
Cerebellar hematoma
O-Organo-phosphorus poisoning
M-Metabolic disorders :- e.g. diabetic ketoacidosis
A-Alcoholic intoxication
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral malaria
Cerebellar hematoma
O-Organo-phosphorus poisoning
M-Metabolic disorders :- e.g. diabetic ketoacidosis
A-Alcoholic intoxication
Memory Aid:
So COMA helps you remember the causes of coma🧠
DEAFNESS-Causes
Mnemonic
"NOISE"
Explanation:
N-Noise indused
O-Otosclerosis, Otitis media
I-Infections e.g. syphili, herpes, mumps, TBM, etc.
S-Senile, Smoking, Streptomycin, Salicylate
E-Ear : wax, foreign body, polyp, infection, inflammation, trauma, tumor, congenital defects, etc.
O-Otosclerosis, Otitis media
I-Infections e.g. syphili, herpes, mumps, TBM, etc.
S-Senile, Smoking, Streptomycin, Salicylate
E-Ear : wax, foreign body, polyp, infection, inflammation, trauma, tumor, congenital defects, etc.
Memory Aid:
So NOISE helps you remember the causes of deafness 👂 . All the letters of noise represents the cause
DYSPHAGIA - Causes
Mnemonic
"A.B.C.D.E.F.G."
Explanation:
A-Achalasia cardia, Aortic aneurism
B-Bulbar palsy
C-Chaga's disease, Cervical spondylitis
D-Diaphragmatic hernia
E-Enlarged left atrium, Esophageal: tumor / inflammation / stricture
F-Functional: globus hystericus
G-Goitre
B-Bulbar palsy
C-Chaga's disease, Cervical spondylitis
D-Diaphragmatic hernia
E-Enlarged left atrium, Esophageal: tumor / inflammation / stricture
F-Functional: globus hystericus
G-Goitre
Memory Aid:
So ABCDEFG covers the causes of dysphagia🥵
Fayol’s 14 Administrative Principles
Mnemonic
"“👉 Drunk Admits Duty, Usually Under Supervision; Rules Control Staff, Order Ensures Stability, Initiative & Esprit”"
Explanation:
Letter Principle
D Division of work
A Authority & responsibility
D Discipline
U Unity of command
U Unity of direction
S Subordination of individual interest
R Remuneration
C Centralization
S Scalar chain
O Order
E Equity
S Stability of tenure
I Initiative
E Esprit de corps
D Division of work
A Authority & responsibility
D Discipline
U Unity of command
U Unity of direction
S Subordination of individual interest
R Remuneration
C Centralization
S Scalar chain
O Order
E Equity
S Stability of tenure
I Initiative
E Esprit de corps
Memory Aid:
👉 “2 D, 2 U, 2 S – rest in order”
Features of Classical Migraine
Mnemonic
"AURA PAIN""
Explanation:
A – Aura (visual)
U – Unilateral headache
R – Reversible neurological symptoms
A – Activity worsens pain
P – Photophobia/Phonophobia
A – Associated nausea/vomiting
I – Intense throbbing pain
N – Neurological aura before headache
U – Unilateral headache
R – Reversible neurological symptoms
A – Activity worsens pain
P – Photophobia/Phonophobia
A – Associated nausea/vomiting
I – Intense throbbing pain
N – Neurological aura before headache
Features of Peptic Ulcer Perforation
Mnemonic
"PERFORATE"
Explanation:
P – Pain (sudden, severe)
E – Erect X-ray: free air
R – Rigid (board-like) abdomen
F – Free gas under diaphragm
O – Omental (Graham) patch repair
R – Rebound tenderness
A – Absent bowel sounds
T – Tachycardia
E – Emergency surgery
E – Erect X-ray: free air
R – Rigid (board-like) abdomen
F – Free gas under diaphragm
O – Omental (Graham) patch repair
R – Rebound tenderness
A – Absent bowel sounds
T – Tachycardia
E – Emergency surgery
Features of True Labour
Mnemonic
"P A C E"
Explanation:
P- Progressive cervical dilatation
A- Active uterine contractions
C- Contractions become regular and stronger
E- Engagement and descent of presenting part
A- Active uterine contractions
C- Contractions become regular and stronger
E- Engagement and descent of presenting part
Live & Killed Vaccine
Mnemonic
"MY BRO is RICH"
Explanation:
Live Vaccine
MY BRO
M – MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
Y – Yellow Fever
B – BCG
R – Rotavirus
O – OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
Killed (Inactivated) Vaccine – RICH
R – Rabies
I – IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)
C – Cholera
H – Hepatitis A
MY BRO
M – MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
Y – Yellow Fever
B – BCG
R – Rotavirus
O – OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
Killed (Inactivated) Vaccine – RICH
R – Rabies
I – IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)
C – Cholera
H – Hepatitis A
Memory Aid:
Remember My bro for Live Vaccine & RICH for Killed Vaccine